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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

战略支援部队某旅：工作有了标准，效率有了提高******

　　官兵们正在检修装备。作者供图

　　“参照《维护保养手册》，我们干工作更加得心应手。”年终岁尾，战略支援部队某旅组织装备换季保养工作，官兵们按照手册上的“标准流程”维护保养装备，工作效率显著提高。

　　该旅分队长、二级军士长李伟介绍说，过去装备维修保养，他们只能逐项排查或凭借经验判断故障问题，既增加了日常工作量，也给维修保养带来不小难题。如今，有了这本“百宝书”，能详细了解装备自列装以来历次故障原因、修理方法，“对症下药”精准保养，就有了参考方向和技术支撑。

　　编写这本《维护保养手册》，源于一次演练任务。去年底，该旅组织实装考核演练，导调组临机下达突发情况指令后，李伟所在分队因通信不畅没有及时处置问题，考核成绩被判定不合格。事后分析原因发现，演练前装备保养不到位，电源装置过期失效，导致装备无法供电，操作失灵。

　　演练复盘时，一名战士心有不甘地说：“怎么也没想到会发生这样的情况！”

　　说者无意，听者有心。一个想法在李伟的脑海萌发：能不能像汽车4S店一样，给装备撰写一本《维护保养手册》？

　　演练结束后，李伟立刻开展调研。他发现，尽管每年单位都会统一组织换季保养，但官兵往往对装备状况掌握不够全面，维护难以“对症下药”，保养难免存在盲区、漏洞。整理好调研资料，李伟向旅机关提交了一份关于建立装备维护保养档案的意见。

　　得到上级机关批准后，李伟决定打造一个“样板工程”。他带领维修技术骨干梳理整合装备各类故障申报、保养履历等数据，精确分析装备“健康指标”，并将摸索积累的经验转化为装备维护保养注意事项，编写《维护保养手册》、设置保养提示卡片，让装备状况一目了然，维护保养工作更加科学高效。

　　手册好不好用，官兵最有发言权。随后，李伟带着手册来到训练场，在抢修光缆任务中，一台工程机械车突发故障。操作手邸文育查阅《维护保养手册》，立刻判定出问题点位并及时排除，任务顺利完成。

　　没过多久，某型工程机械车列装该旅。该车辆信息化程度高、操作系统复杂，他们要从零开始学习。这时候，李伟再次主动请缨，带领团队主动到生产厂家、部队院校取经，就装备重点部位保养开展流程化设计，对日常维护保养措施进行量化。数个月后，李伟所在团队掌握了该型装备的日常维护保养方法，能够做到装备性能“一口清”、故障问题“一摸准”。

　　科学精细管装用装，保障能力水涨船高。今年，该旅千里机动至某陌生复杂地域开展装备试验任务，多项装备精细化管理成果在任务中得到有效检验。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）